Anto ray Makaimpluensya ed Ag-onkapuy na Seramik?
Saray materyales ya ag-onkupas et mabetbet ya uusaren ed panaggiling tan panag-polish, saray materyales ya ag-onkupas, saray inner lining na tubo o kagawaan, tan saray parte na istruktura, tan arum nira, tan saray ag-onkupas ya kablian da so direktan mandetermina ed ligtas ya bilay na saray mekanikal ya kagawaan tan parte. Saray kaslakan ya ag-onkapuy a materyales ed seramika et kaiba so zirconia, alumina, cubic boron nitride, silicon nitride, boron carbide, silicon carbide, tan arum nira.
Pian nawalaan na wear-resistant ceramic materials ya mas maong so wear resistance to, dakel ya iskolar so nanaral ed mekanismo na wear na ceramic materials tan saray bengatla ya mangiimpluensya ed wear resistance na saray ceramic. Diad inkalapagan, say ag-inkayadyari na saray seramik et apektado na duaran bengatla, sakey et say istruktura na materyal a mismo, tan say sananey et saray bengatlan walad paway a singa say karga, temperatura, tan atmospera.
Epekto na saray mekanikal a kablian ed ag-inkayadyari na saray seramiko
Diad inmunan impansukimat ed pakayari na saray materyales a seramiko ya ag-onkupas, papanisiaan ya say inka-awet na saray materyales a seramiko et maapit a misiglaotan ed pakayarin man-wear. Diad saginonor et aromog ya say siglaotan na inkaawet tan inkaupot na saray seramik et aliwan tanton mapatnag. Singa bilang, say inka-malet na alumina ceramics et mas atagey nen say TZP zirconia ceramics, balet say resistensya na wear resistance et aliwan seguradon mas atagey nen say TZP ceramics.
Anggaman say inka-awet et nayarin mangipatnag na biskeg na pankakasakey na ketegan na bukel ed sakey a laknab, say inka-wear et naporma lapud say materyal ya onkakapuy ed wear surface, kanian say inka-awet na materyal ya ceramic et agla nausar bilang predictive index pian nasukat so wear. Ipapanengneng na pigaran impanaral ya diad iyaaligwas na inkapekder tan inkaawet na materyales, say inka-wear rate na saray seramik et kalkalnan onbabawas, tan mas maong so wear resistance.
Epekto na mikroistruktura ed ag-inkayadyari na saray seramik
Diad inkalapagan, say microstructure na saray materyales et mabetbet ya walaan na baleg ya epekto ed saray macroscopic properties na saray materyales. Say materyal a seramik et sakey a sintered a laman ya tugyopen na bukel tan inter-kristal, tan say mikroistruktura to so mabetbet a mandetermina ed makroskopiko iran kablian to. Dakel ya impanaral so mangipapanengneng ya say resistensya na saray materyales ya ceramic et walay koneksion tod kabaleg na ilik, say komposisyon na grain boundary phase, say stress distribution ed grain boundary, saray pores tan arum niran microstructures.
Kabaleg na bukel
Diad industriya, saray metal a materyales et makapaaligwas ed mekanikal iran kablian da diad panamegley na panagpino na saray bukel, ya tatawagen ya fine grain strengthening. Say manunan prinsipyo et no mas melag so kabaleg na ilik, mas baleg so area na ketegan na ilik tan mas zigzag so inkaapag-apag na ketegan na ilik, ya epektibon mamaaligwas ed dalan na idakel na bitak tan makatulong ed stress concentration ed nitaytayak a materyal. Nalmoan ya say panagpino na bukel et walay impluensya to ed ag-inkayadyari na saray materyales ya ceramic.
Porosity
Say porosity et walay importantin epekto to ed saray kablian na ceramics. Say pore et mipara ed kiwawala na depekto, ya pansengegan na stress concentration, mamapeles na crack expansion tan mamawas ed bonding strength na saray grain, kanian seryoson naapektoan so mechanical properties na ceramics. Diad silong na aksion na friction, saray pores et nayarin mankokonektaan ed balang sakey pian manporma na crack source, ya mamapeles ed pakaandi na materyal.
Grain boundary phase tan intercrystalline impurity
Saray seramik et tugyopen na saray ilik, saray yugtan na ketegan na ilik, tan saray buer. Diad proseso na panag-sinter, wala ray additives tan impurities ya inyarum ed saray ceramics ya manunan walad ketegan na bukel diad nengneng na "second phase" odino "glass phase", tan say kiwawala ra et mangapekta ed biskeg na pankakasakey na saray bukel. Diad kurso na pan-apag-apag tan pan-upot na seramiko, mainomay ya nagawa iray bitak ed ketegan na bukel. Say abeban biskeg na pankakasakey na saray ketegan na bukel so pansengegan na pakabali na bukel legan na proseso na panag-usar, ya pansengegan na pakaandi na interon bukel tan pansengegan na graben panag-usar.
Say additive na polycrystalline ceramics et kaslakan ya walad ketegan na bukel diad nengneng na glass phase. Legan na proseso na friction, say resulta na atagey a temperatura et mamapaabeba ed inka-viscosity na salming, ya pansengegan na plastic deformation. No say stress na asingger a ketegan na bukel et ag manepeg, pansengegan itan na bitak ed ketegan na bukel tan pansengegan na graben pakaupot.
No say manepeg ya karakel na saray kaaruman et makapanggawa na komaduan yugtan diad ketegan na bukel, kaslakan et makagunggona itan ed ag-inkayadyari na materyal. Singa bilang, say pangiyarum na zirconia ed alumina pian makagawa na zirconia toughened alumina ceramics, ya tatawagen met ya ZTA ceramics. Lapud say idarakel na T-ZrO2 stress ya sengegan na kritikal a stress et makatulong ed pamaaligwas na fracture toughness tan biskeg na saray materyales ya ceramic, say zirconia tan alumina et makaamper ed idakel na bukel tan makadampot na epekto na micro-crystallization unong ed microstructure, pian lalon napaaligwas so wear resistance.
